The electrochemical reaction processes of the sealed lead-acid battery (negative electrode recombination type) are described below:
Where "charge" is the operation of supplying the rechargeable battery with direct from an external power source to charge the active material in the negative plates chemically, and hence to store in the battery electric energy in the form of chemical energy." Discharge" is the operation of drawing out electric energy from the battery to operate to operate external equipment.


In the final stage of charging, an oxygen-generating reaction occurs at the positive plates. This oxygen transfers inside the battery, then is absorbed into the surface of the negative plates and consumed. These electrochemical reaction processes are expressed as follows.